Interesting, scented foliage and masses of brilliant, persistent flower color in summer evoke memories of Provence and Italy. Mediterranean-style gardens generally consist primarily of plants accustomed to hot, dry conditions, and therefore need less supplemental water than most other gardens, once established. Italianate garden features and colorful containers complement this garden style. Fountains or other water features contribute refreshing life and pleasing sound to the garden.

A natural slope or terrace is ideal, but even small troughs can feature alpine rock gardens. Boulders and rocks are liberally incorporated, ideally set similarly to how they would occur in their natural environment. Depending on the plants chosen, rock gardens can be dry gardens, or may need more supplemental water. Colorful, mounded or cascading perennials are combined with low shrubs and dwarf conifers to create a harmonious planting. Most rock garden plants have low to moderate water needs once established. Good drainage is essential. Weed control is very important, particularly until plants are established and have filled in.

It is best to use rocks of one geological type. An effective rock garden should have several large rocks, some weighing 200 to 300 pounds, or more. Rocks are set into the ground so at least one-third is buried (recessed). They are placed in a natural way, following the grain of the rock. Rocks and boulders can control soil erosion, and allow for soil pockets accommodating various sizes of plants. Smaller, similar rock or pea gravel can be used as mulch.